Fractional-order systems refer to systems whose dynamics are described by differential equations that involve derivatives of non-integer order. This concept generalizes the classical integer-order systems, where the derivative order is restricted to be a whole number. Fractional-order systems have been studied extensively in recent years due to their ability to model complex systems more accurately than integer-order systems. Research in the area of fractional-order systems focuses on various aspects, including system modeling, analysis, control, and optimization. Fractional calculus, which deals with derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, plays a crucial role in the development of fractional-order systems theory. Researchers investigate the properties of fractional-order systems, such as stability, controllability, observability, and robustness, and develop new control strategies and algorithms to deal with the challenges posed by these systems. Applications of fractional-order systems can be found in various fields, including control systems, signal processing, biomedical engineering, physics, and finance. By understanding and utilizing the unique characteristics of fractional-order systems, researchers aim to improve the performance and efficiency of complex systems in various domains.